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JOHN CABOT UNIVERSITY

COURSE CODE: "HS 200"
COURSE NAME: "Doing History"
SEMESTER & YEAR: Fall 2025
SYLLABUS

INSTRUCTOR: Gene Ogle
EMAIL: [email protected]
HOURS: TTH 3:00 PM 4:15 PM
TOTAL NO. OF CONTACT HOURS: 45
CREDITS: 3
PREREQUISITES: Co-requisites: EN 110
OFFICE HOURS: By appointment.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course introduces students to the practice of history, that is, how professional historians investigate, reconstruct, and interpret the past. Students will examine a variety of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives that historians have employed in studying a particular historical problem (the topic varies from semester to semester). Students will also engage directly in practicing history by analyzing a variety of primary and secondary sources and carrying out a significant research project related to the topic of the semester.
SUMMARY OF COURSE CONTENT:
During this semester, this course will explore the early encounters between Native Americans, Europeans and Africans in the Americas, focusing on the 'Spanish' conquest/invasion of the Aztec Empire.  We will examine a variety of approaches and tools that historians have used to investigate these events, which were fundamental in the development of both modern global history and the ways in which Western scholarship has conceptualized that history. 
 
This course will be composed primarily of in-class discussion and research workshop activities.  For an overview of topics to be discussed and readings, see the course schedule.  Please note that all up-dates to that course schedule will be made directly to the course Moodle page--you should access it on a regular basis.

 

A Note on How We Should Approach this Semester

Most generally, I am committed to the principle that my aims as an undergraduate history instructor should be to push (and to help) you to develop the skills, capacities, and modes of interpretation and understanding that will allow you to engage critically with the human past, the traces it has left, the ever-renewing knowledge we have of it, and its meanings for our present.  My role is that of a ‘coach,’ not a performer playing a show or a talking head telling you what’s what (although sometimes I will suggest my understandings of that too).  With this approach, you will without doubt learn more and develop abilities that are useful in other settings more fully than if I simply lectured and asked you to repeat that material on exams, and you will likely find what we do more interesting too. However, for this approach to work, we all need to commit ourselves to meeting the following expectations:


1.  Do the course reading (and especially the discussion reading) on a timely basis. You absolutely must complete it before the class in which we are discussing it and (if relevant) the deadline for making a related forum post (if you can finish it even earlier and thus have a bit more time to think about it, that’s even better).  At times this course will involve a significant amount of out-of-class reading.  I know that this may be a challenge for some of you, but we collectively need an ample amount of solid material to work with to make our discussions meaningful.  Also, do know that with practice you will develop your abilities to deal with larger amounts of reading in limited time frames.  If you wish, we can talk more about how to do the reading and the kinds of things you should be looking for in doing it in class.

2.  When you are present, be present.  We should make the most of the 2 ½ hours we meet each week to engage with the course materials and learn together.  During that time, we should all be focused on that effort and not other things such as checking social media, catching up on e-mail, studying for other courses or whatever else may distract us from the matters at hand.  Doing otherwise is disrespectful to the other members of the class, including me.  As such, if you really, really need to be doing something else, just don’t come to class.

3.  Maintain a respectful, professional tone in your responses, but don’t be afraid to experiment with ideas and interpretations out of fear that they may be controversial (just work on clearly expressing your reasoning).  On this note, I think our discussions will function best if we all work on the assumption that each of us is openly and forthrightly attempting to grapple with the complexities and ambiguities of our shared human past and its relationship to our present (and as such that the things we say and write are never intended to harm or to insult).  Engaging with that past often forces us to look at the many horrid and ugly things that humans have done to and thought about (and continue to do to and think about) one another, which can be a difficult and painful experience.  Frank and open discussion is the best way both to seek to understand that past and to forge civil and tolerant ways of interacting and living with it and one another in the present.

4.  Give credit where credit is due and be sure that all work you hand in is your own.  Not only does plagiarism, unauthorized use of Artificial Intelligence, or any other form of cheating defeat the whole purpose of going to university to learn and to improve one’s abilities, it undermines the basic trust any community needs to learn and work together. 

5.  Try not to be too nervous about grades.  We learn through practice, we all fall short of our aims sometimes, and we sometimes learn more from falling short than anything else.  I purposefully keep many assignments fairly open in terms of the types of topics and arguments you may develop to give you the freedom to present your ideas and sharpen your abilities, and such freedom always entails risks.  Know that I put mechanisms in place to weigh the improvement that you make over the course into the calculation of your final course grade.

6.  Keep lines of communication open.  Please know that the ways in which I structure classroom sessions and on-line discussion activities in this syllabus remain experimental and may change.  Please share your thoughts on them and feel free to suggest approaches, ways of organizing discussions (in-person or on-line), or other activities that you believe may help you and your classmates to better engage with the course material.  I cannot neglect my responsibility to set the rules for the game that is our course in ways that I believe best assure both academic rigor and fairness across the class, but you can be assured that I will value and carefully consider any suggestions you may make. More generally, if you have questions or concerns regarding any matters relating to the course, please do feel free to share them with me. 

 
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
In successfully completing this course, students will further develop their abilities to:

  • Evaluate/analyze differing scholarly arguments/ interpretations of historical problems
  • Understand how context and audience contribute to shape historical interpretation/perspective
  • Formulate a research question about a historical topic
  • Assemble and critically evaluate primary and secondary sources
  • Be aware of the importance of finding, using and producing reliable information
  • Respect academic integrity and ethical standards
  • Effectively communicate information and ideas orally and in writing in accurate, polished, and persuasive English
TEXTBOOK:
Book TitleAuthorPublisherISBN numberLibrary Call NumberCommentsFormatLocal BookstoreOnline Purchase
History: A Very Short IntroductionJohn H. ArnoldOxford University Press9780192853523 Electronic version is fine. Almost Corner Bookshop 
Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Fall of the Mexica Empire, 2nd editionStuart Schwartz and Tatiana SeijasBedford/St. Martin's9781319094850 Electronic version is fine. Almost Corner Bookshop 
REQUIRED RESERVED READING:
NONE

RECOMMENDED RESERVED READING:
NONE
GRADING POLICY
-ASSESSMENT METHODS:
AssignmentGuidelinesWeight
In Class ParticipationYour regular participation in our class discussions will be key to making this course work, and by actively participating not only will you learn more, you’ll develop useful communicative skills and likely find course material to be more interesting. Participation also counts for a significant portion of your final course grade, and it is the only component of that final course grade in which simple effort and regular activity translate directly into a high grade. What do you need to do for this? Simply do the discussion readings on time, be prepared to talk about them (and write occasional brief non-graded in-class essays on them), and engage regularly and actively in our in-class discussions. In addition, you should bring a question or observation to each class session about the day’s readings that you believe would provide a good starting point for a discussion of those readings. Frequently, I will begin the discussion portion of class by asking you to share these questions/observations with the rest of class.20%
Primary Source Paper (5-7 Pages) For the Primary Source Paper, you will use a variety of primary sources from one or more chapters of the primary source reader Victors and Vanquished to examine and make an interpretive argument about a major aspect or event associated with the conquest of Mexico. Your grade will be determined by the strength of your analysis, the persuasiveness of your argument (including quality of writing), and the originality of your thought. 15%
Research Paper (including proposal, draft, revision, and presentation, 10-12 pages)For the research paper (c. 12 pages), you will explore a topic appropriate for the course chosen in consultation with me. Your paper should build on both primary and secondary sources, and I will guide you through the processes of preparing a first draft and revising that draft to produce a stronger final paper. You also will present this paper to the rest of the class for discussion. For these discussions, each of you will also review at least one of your colleagues’ papers, providing both a written review (for the author and for me) and an oral commentary during the discussion of her/his paper in class. The grade on this assignment will be determined by the strength of your analysis and research, the persuasiveness of your argument (including quality of writing), and the originality of your thought. 30%
Final ExamThe final exam will be composed of three sections. The first section will be one essay question building on the course as a whole (chosen from two options that you will be given the week before the exam). For the second, you will analyze an excerpt from a previously unseen secondary source, relating it to the historical approaches/methods that we have explored over the course of the semester. For the third, you will analyze a brief, previously unseen primary source, explaining what it can and cannot tell us about the 'Conquest of the Americas' and explicitly discussing your reasoning and the tools you use to carry out your analysis. You may make use of two double-sided pages of notes during the exam, provided that you submit them for my review before starting the exam. Your grade on the exam will depend upon the analytical strength and persuasiveness of your arguments, your capacity to discuss the material we cover in the course as a whole, and the factual accuracy of your answers. Remember that what you are being tested on is your ability to develop and present a strong, well-supported arguments building on the course materials, not simply provide a 'correct' answer to the questions you choose. 20%
Historiography Group Presentation and Reaction PaperIn these assignments, you will explore how Western historical scholarship has changed from the late nineteenth century forward in terms of topics, approaches, problems, concerns, etc.. The group presentations should be 12-15 minutes long, and the paper should be 3-5 double-spaced pages long. Your grade on these two assignments will be determined by the strength of your analysis, the persuasiveness of your argument (including quality of writing and presentation), and the originality of your thought. For futher guidance, see "A Brief Dive into Historiography Preparation Presentation and Paper Guidelines" on the course Moodle page.15%

-ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
AWork of this quality directly addresses the question or problem raised and provides a coherent argument displaying an extensive knowledge of relevant information or content. This type of work demonstrates the ability to critically evaluate concepts and theory and has an element of novelty and originality. There is clear evidence of a significant, thorough, and insightful engagement with the course reading and other materials.
BThis is a highly competent level of performance and directly addresses the question or problem raised. There is a demonstration of some ability to critically evaluate theory and concepts and relate them to practice. Discussions reflect the student’s own arguments and are not simply a repetition of standard lecture and reference material. The work does not suffer from any major errors or omissions and provides evidence of significant engagement with the course reading and other materials.
CThis is an acceptable level of performance and provides answers that are clear but limited, reflecting the information offered in the lectures and reference readings.
DThis level of performance demonstrates that the student lacks a coherent grasp of the material. Important information is omitted and irrelevant points included. In effect, the student has barely done enough to persuade the instructor that s/he should not fail.
FThis work fails to show any knowledge or understanding of the issues raised in the question. Most of the material in the answer is irrelevant.

-ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS:
See above on participation.  To participate regularly, you have to be present regularly.
ACADEMIC HONESTY
As stated in the university catalog, any student who commits an act of academic dishonesty will receive a failing grade on the work in which the dishonesty occurred. In addition, acts of academic dishonesty, irrespective of the weight of the assignment, may result in the student receiving a failing grade in the course. Instances of academic dishonesty will be reported to the Dean of Academic Affairs. A student who is reported twice for academic dishonesty is subject to summary dismissal from the University. In such a case, the Academic Council will then make a recommendation to the President, who will make the final decision.
STUDENTS WITH LEARNING OR OTHER DISABILITIES
John Cabot University does not discriminate on the basis of disability or handicap. Students with approved accommodations must inform their professors at the beginning of the term. Please see the website for the complete policy.

SCHEDULE

Course Readings

The book should be available at the Almost Corner Bookshop (Via del Moro, 45) or directly from the publishers' website in eBook form.  All course readings provide the basis for our classroom discussions. You must read and think about those assigned for a particular class period.  Otherwise, you will be unable to participate adequately, and your participation grade may suffer. You should also bring this material to class on the days that we are discussing it.

Important Course Policies

All assignments should be handed in as hard copies in class and electronically through the Moodle portal for the assignment--I encourage you to double-check on the Moodle to be sure that work has been submitted after you believe you have done so.  If for some reason it is not working, send them to me as e-mail attachments. 

All late work will suffer a grade penalty. No late work will be accepted following the final examination.

Any documented case of academic dishonesty on any assignment will result in a failing grade for the assignment in question and may also result in a failing grade for the course as a whole, regardless of the assignment's weight in terms of the final course grade. Please remember that, as the University's policy states, "Plagiarism can be deliberate or negligent; students are responsible for ensuring that any work submitted with their name on it is properly referenced."  If you have questions about how to cite material properly, refer to the appropriate sections of the MLA Style Manual or Chicago Manual of Style--if you have questions as to whether particular pieces of material should be cited, ask me. Note that submitting work that you have previously submitted (or plan to submit) for credit in another course is also a form of academic dishonesty, unless you obtain explicit approval from both instructors to do so. For this course, no such double submission is allowed. Please note that your papers are to be submitted to turnitin.com to check their content for plagiarism.  I am setting up the turintin submission options so that you can see the similarity reports the service generates and resubmit your papers up until the due date.

Academic Honesty Policy—Generative Artificial Intelligence Update

The University’s Academic Integrity policies were recently updated to include “[t]he unauthorized use of generative AI” as one of the forms that academic dishonesty can take.  In light of this change, here are the policies for this course regarding generative AI (e.g., ChatGPT). The use of generative AI for the direct composition of course assignments (e.g., papers and exam essays) is not permitted.  Simply put, your papers and essays should not include text generated by Artificial Intelligence unless that text is placed in quotation marks and identified as such.  Any papers handed in that appear to contain unauthorized AI generated text (as detected by detection software or otherwise) will not receive a grade and cannot be used to fulfill course requirements.  As the detection software can produce 'false positives,' in such cases you will be allowed to write an additional paper or revised draft to fulfill those requirements.  Depending on the specifics of the individual cases, a late penalty may be applied to additional papers handed in for these reasons.

Other uses of AI (e.g., as “idea generators,” bibliographic or source-finding assistants, etc.) are strongly discouraged as they will likely limit the fuller development of the skills, capacities, and habits of mind that constitute some of the primary aims and benefits of university education, but do not necessarily fall into the category of “unauthorized use.”  If you do use generative AI in any of these or other manners, however, you must identify that you have done so explicitly in the paper or exam essay in question. 

Similarly, I strongly discourage you from using advanced grammar and style correctors (e.g., Grammarly).  While I will regularly note errors in terms of style, grammar, and so forth in your writing, my doing so does not significantly affect the grade you receive for assignments so long as your thought, the general arrangement of your argument, and your points are clear (and you push yourself to improve over time).  Using AI-based correction software can prevent you from receiving such feedback and as such keep you from being able to develop your writing skills.  In the case that you do still make use of such software, you must explicitly identify that you did so and hand in a copy of what you wrote before having the software "fix" it.  If you do not do this and either the University's detection software or my reading of the piece suggests a likelihood that it was produced by generative AI, the work will not be counted towards completing course requirements (see above).
 
Office Hours, Scheduling Appointments, E-mail Guidance, and So Forth

My office hours are by appointment--to set one up, simply e-mail me or ask me just after class.  My office is on the Frohring/ex-Tiber Roof.

Please know that I do not normally respond to e-mails during the weekend or after 6:30 p.m. (but feel free to write me whenever you wish--I'll respond as soon as I can the next week or the next day).  We all need to set aside time to work on other things, disconnect, recharge, and 'stay human.'  I encourage you to do the same in ways that work with your schedule and try to do what I can to provide you with as much flexibility as possible in structuring out-of-class activities.

Recommended Reading on Historical Theory and Methodology
 
You may find the following books (all available in JCU's library) useful in furthering your understanding of historical methods and theory:
 
Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob, Telling the Truth About History
Richard J. Evans, In Defense of History
Mary Fullbrook, Historical Theory
Martha Howell and Walter Prevenier, From Reliable Sources: An Introduction to Historical Methods
Sarah Maza, Thinking About History
Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History
Robert Chadwell Williams, The Historian's Toolbox
 
 
COURSE SCHEDULE (N.B.  The schedule and specific readings listed below may change.  All updates will be made directly to the course Moodle page.)--last updated 8/25/25
 
PART ONE: Introductions, a.k.a., History’s Histories
 
9/2. What is 'History' as a Practice?  What do Historians do?
 
9/4. History’s Histories, Part I
Arnold, History: A Very Short Introduction, 1-34 (Chs. 1-2)
 
9/9. History’s Histories, Part II
Arnold, 35-57 (Ch.3)
During this week, we will schedule individual meetings to start developing research topics.
 
9/11. A Look at Doing History, Part I
Arnold, 58-93 (Chs.4-5)
 
 
9/16. A Look at Doing History, Part II
Arnold, 94-109 (Ch. 6); “Contat’s Account of the Cat Massacre,” from Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, 102-104
 
9/18. A Look at Doing History, Part III
Arnold, 110-123 (Ch. 7); Trouillot, “The Power in the Story,” from Silencing the Past, 1-30
 
 
9/23. A Brief Dive into Historiography (a.k.a. How has History as a Practice Changed Over the Past Century?), Part I
Discussion of The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature--First, Second, and Third Editions (See the Moodle page for how to prepare--we'll also discuss this in class beforehand.)
 
 9/25. A Brief Dive into Historiography (a.k.a. How has History as a Practice Changed Over the Past Century?), Part II
Group Presentations on Major Historical Journal Contents, 1880s-2020s (See the Moodle page for how to prepare--we'll also discuss this in class beforehand.)
 
PART TWO: Exploring the 'Conquest' of Mexico through Primary Sources
 
9/26. OFFICIAL FRIDAY MAKE-UP
Backgrounds and Sources
Schwartz and Seljas, eds. Victors and Vanquished, 1-25 (Introduction)
 
 
9/30. Library Workshop—Guest Instructor: Manlio Perugini
A Brief Dive into Historiography Reaction Paper Due
 
10/2. Omens and Preparations
Schwartz and Seljas, eds., 28-61 (Chs. 1-2)
 
 
10/7. Encounters and Alliances
Schwartz and Seljas, eds., 62-107 (Chs. 3-4)
Research Proposal and Preliminary Bibliography Due
 
10/9. Tenochtitlan
Schwartz and Seljas, eds., 108-137 (Ch. 5)
 
 
10/14. The “Noche triste”
Schwartz and Seljas, eds., 138-164 (Ch. 6)
 
10/16. The End of an Empire, and the Beginning of Another, pt. I
Schwartz and Seljas, eds., 165-198 (Ch. 7)
 
 
10/21. The End of an Empire, and the Beginning of Another, pt. II
Schwartz and Seljas, eds., 199-229 (Ch. 8)
Primary Source Paper Due
 
PART THREE: Approaches, Interpretations and Explanations
 
10/23 The Appeal (and Appeals) of ‘Great Men’
Restall, Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest, 12-48 (Introduction, Ch. 1)
 
 
10/28 A Conquest By The Sign?
Todorov, The Conquest of America (excerpts); Restall, Seven Myths (excerpts)
 
10/30 ‘Gods’ or ‘Men’?
Townsend, “Burying the White Gods”
 
 
11/4 A “Spanish” Conquest?
Restall, Seven Myths, 67-88 (Ch. 3)
 
11/6 Nature’s Conquest?
Miller, An Environmental History of Latin America, 49-76 (Ch. 2)
 
 
PART FOUR: YOUR RESEARCH--Research Paper Drafts Due One Week Before you are Presenting
 
11/11. Presentation/Discussion of Research Papers
 
11/13. Presentation/Discussion of Research Papers
 

 

11/18. Presentation/Discussion of Research Papers    
 
11/20. Presentation/Discussion of Research Papers
 
 
11/25. Presentation/Discussion of Research Papers
 
 
PART FIVE: Public History, Memory and Meanings
 
12/2. Commemorating the Conquest?
Michel-Rolph Trouillot, "Good Day, Columbus" from Silencing the Past, 108-140
 
12/4. Conclusions
Final Draft of Research Paper Due
 
Final Exam (Date TBA)