STUDENTS SHOULD NOT REGISTER FOR BOTH AH 190 and AH 290
Rome City Series - This on-site course considers the art and architecture of ancient Rome through visits to museums and archaeological sites. The course covers the visual culture and architecture of Rome beginning with the Iron Age and ending with the time of Constantine. A broad variety of issues are raised, including patronage, style and iconography, artistic and architectural techniques, Roman religion, business and entertainment.

The aim of this upper-level survey course is to investigate archaeological sites and monuments of Rome from the earliest stages of the urbanisation process to the early Christian period.

Particular emphasis will be placed on the city's sacro-political spaces and the monuments that constituted them, analysed from a diachronic perspective that will stimulate understanding of the definition and evolution of Rome's cityscape, from a centre of regional importance to the capital of a Mediterranean empire. As well as the elements of continuity and changes in urban spaces over time, the specific details of monuments (and their constituent elements) and artworks will also be analysed, so as to better understand Rome's architectural and artistic language, the result of extensive contacts of a Mediterranean character. The aim is not only to gain a deeper understanding of their significance, but in particular to investigate these as dynamic elements in a network of sociopolitical interactions.

Emphasis is placed on the visual impact of monuments, artworks and spaces. The aim is not only to gain a deeper understanding of their significance, but in particular to investigate these as dynamic elements in a network of social and political interactions.

Research topics will include:

• The topography of Rome in its regional and inter-regional context (i.e. analogies & differences with Latial and southern Etruscan cities)

• The city and its urban space, or the relationship between strategies of territorial occupation, economic consideration / functionality, as well as religious beliefs, and how this conjunction has inspired mythological accounts and influenced ritual behaviours (such as the path of ritual processions)

• The origins and development of Roman architecture, with a specific focus on sacro-political buildings and other large-scale civic structures, such as aqueducts, public baths, and theatres, to be contextualised in their historical and sociopolitical context

• Elite and non-elite domestic and funerary art and architecture; Roman portrait sculpture: the evolution of an artistic language (styles and iconographies between political ideologies and philosophical speculations)

As a whole, the course engages students in artistic, historical, political and topographic analyses, and in considerations of the multifaceted history and character of the ancient city and the context of the world in which it existed.

• The course will provide students with an in-depth knowledge of key monuments and artworks in Rome of the period in question and will foster the ability to identify, describe and critically interpret them.

• The course will enable students to develop the ability to contextualise the archaeological / art historical pieces of evidence to the topography of Ancient Rome and to their historical and sociopolitical context

• The course will foster a firm understanding of the history of Rome from the early stages to the Imperial periods, enabling students to critically analyse political events and trends/changes in its institutional structures

• The course will familiarize students with the relevant historical, art historical and architectural terminology

The on-site activities, discussions, and oral assignments will help improve presentation and communication skills in a public and professional environment. The nature of exams and term paper is aimed to stimulate critical analysis and interpretation, as well as to devise a context-specific methodology and to develop research skills.

You are expected to participate in all scheduled classes. Absences will be noted and may affect your final grade. 
All classes will start punctually; late arrival will be noted and may affect your final grade.
Class will take place no matter the weather. Please dress accordingly and appropriately for visiting public sites and museums in the city.
No recording (of any type) of the class is permitted. Make-up work is not offered, except in exceptional circumstances and after consultation with the Dean of Academic Affairs.

Changes, additional course information, etc. will be posted on Moodle.
You are responsible for identifying the location of - and route to - the meeting points of the classes. You should calculate around 40-50 minutes travel time to our meeting points. Note that most classes will end at on-site locations different from the meeting point.

Absences from class due to the observance of a religious holiday will normally be excused. Students who will have to miss class to observe a religious holiday should notify the instructor by the end of the Add/Drop period to make prior arrangements for making up any work that will be missed. Students who will be absent from a major exam must notify the Dean’s Office prior to that exam: a major exam (midterm or final) cannot be made up without the permission of the Dean’s Office. Permission will be granted only when the absence is caused by a serious impediment or grave situation, such as a documented illness, hospitalization or funeral service for immediate family. Absences due to conflicts, such as job interviews, family celebrations, travel difficulties, student misunderstandings or personal convenience, will not be excused.

1. Tue. Sept. 3    Introduction to the course and to Rome
 Meeting place: JCU Campus, Chapel 2 classroom. Meeting time: 1:30 pm
 Issues/works: Course requirements and logistics. Rome: mythological and topographical origins; reading the space of the city
 Tiber Island; Forum Boarium; Circus Maximus.
 Assigned reading: None

 Further reading: Details of further reading suggestions and relevant bibliography for the course will be provided at the start of the semester.

2. Tue. Sept. 10    Regal Rome: shaping a city
 Meeting place: Entrance to the Forum Romanum, by the Arch of Titus (Claridge 2010: fig. 36)
 Issues/works: City foundation and development of urban space in the Regal period; relationship between monuments and spatial experience. Palatine Hill (early settlements & hut of Romulus); Forum Romanum (Temple of Vesta, Regia, Comitium).

Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 4-9 (history), 39-41, 52-53 (materials & orders), 63-67, 75-77, 83-84, 105-11 (Forum), 132-3 (hut of Romulus), 257-8 (Tiber Island); Coarelli 2007: 1-4, 29-32, 307-310, 323-2, 331-3, 348-350 (history and topographical areas of Rome);

 Further reading: Cornell 1995: 48-50, 53-60, 63-70, 80 (Early Rome’s archaeology & literary tradition); Smith 2000: 16-41 (Early and Archaic Rome).

3. Tue. Sept. 17    Regal to early Republican Rome: changes & continuity
 Meeting place: Piazza del Campidoglio, statue of M. Aurelius (Claridge 2010: fig 109)
 Issues/works: Survival of Regal period monuments; late Archaic / early Republican period monumental architecture; the military  triumph. Forum Romanum (Temples of Saturn and Castor);  Capitoline Hill (Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus); Forum Boarium (Area Sacra at Sant’Omobono); Capitoline Museum (Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Sant’Omobono finds, architectural terracotta decoration) MiC Card needed.
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 259-262, 268-70 (Capitoline, Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus), 282-288 (Sant’Omobono, Forum Boarium); Hopkins 2016, 53-60, 66-84;

 Further reading: Winter 2009: 149-150, 189-191, 316-319; Yegül and Favro 2019, 82-95 (Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Sant’Omobono, Forum Boarium).

4. Tue. Sept 24    The Etruscans:  history, art, religion
 Meeting place: National Etruscan Museum - Villa Giulia
 Issues/works: Historical and socio-cultural contextualisation of the Etruscan civilazation; sacred architecture and terracotta decoration; funerary ideology: art & architecture of monuments for the afterlife.
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 394-397 (Villa Giulia); Smith 2014, Intro, ch. 1, 6, 8.
       
5. Tue. Oct. 1    Mid-to-Late Republican Rome: expansion and competition
 Meeting place: Torre del Papito (Largo Argentina)
 Issues/works: Republican period expansion; private patronage and public space; the building of a ‘world city’
        Temples at Largo Argentina, Theater and Porticus of Pompey, Circus Flaminius, Porticus of Metellus/Octavia, Temple of Apollo Medicus/Sosianus, Theater of Marcellus, Forum Holitorium, Forum Boarium (Area sacra at Sant’Omobono; Round temple; Temple of Portunus); MiC Card needed.
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 9-12 (history), 63-75, 85-87, 92-95 (Forum Romanum), 239-246, 250-56 (Theatre of Pompey, Largo Argentina, Portico Metellus/Octavia), 274-282 (Theater of Marcellus, Temple of Apollo Medicus/Sosianus, Forum Holitorium; Cornell 2000: 42-60 (mid-Republican Rome)

 Further reading: Davies 2018: 490-505 (Theatre of Pompey, Forum of Caesar); Moser 2019: 54-80; Russell 2016: 120-26, 145-46 (Portico Metellus), 153-166 (Theatre Pompey); Stamper 2005: 53-54, 84-90 (Portico Metellus, Theatre of Pompey); Tuck 2015: 65 (triumph) & Ch. 4.

6. Tue. Oct. 8    Late Republic to Imperial Rome: re-shaping the ancient city
 Meeting Place: Column of Trajan
 Issues/works: The transformation of the city center; Public space and political experience; civic history as political tool; relationships between princeps and senate, and princeps and people; consensus politics and stakeholder roles
    Forum Romanum (Basilicas Aemilia and Julia, Rostra, Curia, Portico of Gaius and Lucius), Temple of Divus Julius; Forum of Caesar; Forum of Augustus. ParCo Card needed
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 10-15 (history), 63-75, 85-87, 92-95, 100-3 (Forum Romanum), 71-75, 161-9 (Forum of Caesar), 177-80 (Forum of Augustus); Schneider 2008: 270-8 (Augustan Rome); Tuck 2015: 114-118, 125-128.

 Further reading: Davies 2018: 490-505 (Theatre of Pompey, Forum of Caesar); Fuchs 2021: 511-18, 526-36, 547-50 (Augustan changes to Forum Caesar); Russell 2020: 14-19 (Forum Augustus, role of Senate); Stamper 2005: 90-104, 109-15, 136-41 (Forum Caesar, Forum Romanum, Forum Augustus); Wallace-Hadrill 1993: 50-58 (Forum Romanum, Forum Augustus); Zanker 1988: 51-53 (Forum)

7. Tue. Oct. 15    Mid-term exam
 Meeting Place: JCU Campus. Note: class will meet 45 mins earlier than normal
        Exam details will be posted on Moodle

8. Tue. Oct. 22    Augustus: the establishment of a new order
 Meeting place: Entrance to the Ara Pacis Augustae, Piazza Augusto Imperatore (Claridge 2010: fig 77).
 Issues/works: Creation and development of the principate: relationship between princeps and senate. Campus Martius; Mausoleum of Augustus; Ara Pacis Augustae; Solar meridian; Pantheon and building works of Agrippa
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 12-15, 40-43 (history & materials), 197-216, 232-3 (Campus Martius, Augustan monuments); Russell 2019: 325-27, 340-41 (role of the Senate); Stewart 2008: 108-9, 113-115 (Ara Pacis)

 Further reading: Clarke 2003: 19-28 (Ara Pacis, Mausoleum, meridian); Eck 2010: esp 89-95, 105-6 (emperor and elite relationships); Favro 2005: 234-263 (Augustan Rome); Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Augustus’ autobiography); Tuck 2015: ch. 5; Zanker 1988: 72-75, 139-43, 156-9, 172-83 (monuments on the Campus Martius); Philips 2016: 653-55, 667-69 (Pantheon of Agrippa); Stamper 2005: 106-108 (Augustus), 126-129 (Campus Martius).

9. Tue Oct. 29    Nero and the Flavians: innovation, tradition, and memory
 Meeting place: Entrance to the Forum Romanum, by the Arch of Titus (Claridge 2010: fig 36)
 Issues/works: Imperial palaces and role models; urban space and engagement of senate and plebs. Templum Pacis; Flavian amphitheatre (Colosseum); Arch of Titus; Palace of Domitian; equestrian statue of Domitian
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 16-18 (history), 82-83, 118-9, 121-3 (Forum Romanum), 125-8, 145-56 (Palatine), 171-74 (Temple of Peace, Forum of Nerva), 301-6, 312-9 (Domus Aurea, Colosseum).

Further reading: La Rocca 2017: 197-207 (Colossus, Domus Aurea); Stamper 2005: 151-72 (Flavian building works); Varner 2017: 250-54 (Domus Aurea, Colosseum, Temple of Peace); Zanker 2010: esp 57-61 (porticoes), 66-78, 81-87 (Colosseum / games).

10. Tue. Nov. 5     The Rome of Trajan and Hadrian: a cosmopolitan metropolis
 Meeting Place: Column of Trajan (Claridge 2010: fig 60).
 Issues/works: Roman world as a globalized ‘koine’; Rome as a cosmopolitan center; the civilizing role of Rome and the concept of non-Romans. Forum and Column and markets of Trajan; Museum of the imperial Fora; Temple of Venus and Rome; MiC Card needed
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 18-21 (history), 118-21 (Temple of Roma and Venus), 180-96 (Forum and markets of Trajan). Smith 1998: 60-63 (2nd-cent. Portraiture); Stamper 2005: 173-83 (Forum of Trajan), 206-12 (Temple of Venus and Rome);

 Further reading: Clarke 2003: 28-41 (Forum and Column of Trajan); Kleiner 1992: 207-12, 238-42 (portraits of Trajan and Hadrian), 212-20 (Forum and Column of Trajan), 283-5 (Hadrianeum reliefs); Smith 1998: 60-63, 90-92 (Hadrian/Antonine portraiture; carving techniques, context); Yegül and Favro 2019: 333-355 (Trajan, Hadrian, and Apollodorus); Zanker 2010: esp 48-60, 75-81, 84-87 (porticoes and public spaces).

    Sunday Nov. 10    Approved outline for Research paper must be in hand

11. Tue. Nov. 12    The Empire and the Campus Martius
 Meeting Place: Pantheon
 Issues/works: Depictions of war and peace; imperial cult and commemoration. Pantheon, Mausoleum of Hadrian, Hadrianeum, Columns of A. Pius and M. Aurelius, Stadium and Odeum of Domitian
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 18-21 (history), 197-204 (Campus Martius), 216-221 (Columns of A. Pius & M. Aurelius), 223-238 (Hadrianeum, Pantheon, Stadium and Odeum of Domitian); Yegül and Favro 2019: 357-370 (Pantheon);

 Further readings: Clarke 2003: 42-53 (Column of M. Aurelius); Davies 2000: 34-48, 158-71 (Mausoleum of Hadrian, columns of A. Pius and M. Aurelius), 79-83 (Pantheon); Kleiner 1992: 283-88 (Hadrianeum, column of A. Pius), 295-301 (column of M. Aurelius); Stamper 2005: 212-14 (Hadrianeum)

    Sunday Nov. 17    Research paper due

12. Tue. Nov. 19    The Severans: a dynasty of domini and powerful women
 Meeting point: Piazza del Campidoglio (Claridge 2010: fig 109)
 Issues/works: Depicting Rome and history, making a ‘new’ Rome; water and popular luxury; popular participation in imperial messages. Arch of Septimius Severus, Arch of the Argentarii, Septizodium, Baths of Caracalla.
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 21-24 (history), 78-79 (Arch of S. Severus), 292-3 (Arch of the Argentarii), 356-365 (Septizodium, Baths of Caracalla)
        
 Further reading: Elsner 2005 (Arch Argentarii); Favro 2011: 334-37, 358-60 (Arch S. Severus); Kleiner 1992: 329-39 (Arch S. Severus, Arch Argentarii, Baths Caracalla); Lusnia 2006 (Arch. S. Severus); Zanker 2010: esp 61-66, 75-81, 84-87 (imperial baths).

13. Tue. Nov. 26    Tetrachs to Constantine: the late Roman Empire
 Meeting place: Entrance to the Forum Romanum, Via Fori Imperiali / Via Cavour (Claridge 2010: figs. 1, 60)
 Issues/works: New frameworks for the role of the emperor; urban space, political relationships, and the history of the city. The late imperial Forum; Arch of Constantine; Basilica of Maxentius; Temple of Venus and Roma
 Assigned reading: Claridge 2010: 21-29 (history), 78-79, 85-87, 115-7 (monuments in the Forum), 308-12 (Arch of Constantine).
        Kleiner 1992: 444-55 (Arch of Constantine).

 Further reading: Clarke 2003: 56-67 (Arch of Constantine); Kleiner 1992: 413-17 (decennial monument), 251-53, 288-95 (reliefs on Arch of Constantine); Marlowe 2006: 223-5, 229-35 (Arch of Constantine); Varner 2014: 48-52 (Maxentius), 64-70 (Arch Constantine).

14. Tue. Dec. 3     Review class    
 Meeting Place: JCU Campus – Note: class will meet 45 mins earlier than normal
 Assigned reading: Pose 3-5 questions, based on your revision study, for which you would like clarification and further detail.
        You are very welcome to bring a computer or tablet with you to class as well as all your lecture notes

15. Dec. 9-12    Final exam
        Date, time, and location to be announced