Course Outline:
Part I: What is War? What is Peace?
1) International Relations Theories
2) Positive Peace & Negative Peace
3) Numbers
Part II: Why Do Wars Begin?
1) Failed States: SOMALIA
2) Greed and Grievance 1: CHECHNYA and ABKHAZIA
3) Greed and Grievance 2: TIMOR LESTE and PHILLIPINES
Part III: Why do Wars Last?
1) Ethnic Wars: NIGERIA and CYPRUS
2) Religious Wars: IRAQ
3) Environmental and Criminal Conflicts: MEXICO and COLOMBIA
4) Peacekeeping in Wartime: BOSNIA
Part IV: How do Wars End?
1) Humanitarian Military Interventions: KOSOVO and RWANDA
2) UN PeaceEnforcing: CONGO
3) Sanctions: IRAN
4) Negotiations and Diplomacy: OSLO ACCORDS
5) Soft Power and Other Forms of Negotiation: MOZAMBIQUE and EL SALVADOR
6) Non-Violence and Just Peace: MYANMAR
7) Exhaustion: DARFUR
Part V: How do you recreate Peace?
1) Post Conflict Reconstruction: NORTHERN IRELAND
2) Democracy Building: CHILE
3) War Tribunals: SIERRA LEONE
4) Reconciliation and Truth Commissions: SOUTH AFRICA
5) Comprehensive Peacebuilding: AFGHANISTAN and CAMBODIA
6) Conclusions and getting back to Gandhi: ARGENTINA
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Course Calendar
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Class 1
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Course Introduction
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Class 2
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Origins and Contemporary Issues of Conflict Resolution
Read Crocker, Hampson and Aall, “The Center Cannot Hold: Conflict Management in an Era of Diffusion,” Chapter 1 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
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Part I: What is War? What is Peace?
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Class 3
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Defining Peace I: War (and its absence) according to Realism, Liberalism and the Constructivists
Read John Mearsheimer, (1994) “The False Promise of International Institutions” International Security 19(3)
Recommended: Gordon and Johnson, “US Power in a G-0 World,” Chapter 3 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
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Class 4
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Defining Peace II: Positive Peace vs. Negative Peace
Read Paulo Freire (1970) The Pedagogy of the Oppressed chapter 1
Martin Luther King Jr. (1963) Letter from a Birmingham Jail
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Class 5
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Defining Peace III: Numbers & Typologies
Read Therése Pettersson, Stina Högbladh and Magnus Öberg (2019) “Organized Violence, 1989-2018 and Peace Agreements,” Journal of Peace research 56(4) 589-603
Recommended:
Welch, “The Shifting Landscape of Conflict Management” Chapter 2 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Goldstein, Fortna, Mearsheimer and Levy (2013) “Has Violence Declined in World Politics?” A Debate. Perspectives on Politics
Ramsbotham ch. 3: “The Statistics of Deadly Quarrels and the Measurement of Peace”
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Part II: Why Do Wars Begin?
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Class 6
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On institutions, imbalances and failed states
Reading Reflection 1 due
Read Halvard Buhaug. 2006. “Relative Capability and Rebel Objective in Civil War,” Journal of Peace Research
Recommended: Michael Mazarr, “The Rise and Fall of the Failed State Paradigm,” Foreign Affairs (2014)
Jack Synder et al., “A Not So Great Awakening: Early Elections, Weak Institutions and the Risk of Violence,” Chapter 11 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Case Study: SOMALIA
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Class 7
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Greed v. Need v. Creed (1)
Read Collier and Hoeffler, “Greed and Grievance in Civil War,” (2004) Oxford University Papers
Lars-Erik Cederman and Manuel Vogt (2017). “Dynamics and Logics of Civil War,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61(9)
Case Study: CHECHNYA and ABKHAZIA
Recommended:
Brown and Stewart, “Economic and Political Causes of Conflict: An Overview and Some Policy Consequences,” Chapter 12 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
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Class 8
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Greed v. Need v. Creed (2)
Read Cederman, Weidman and Gleditsch, “Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War,” The American Political Science Review (2011) read pp.s 478-483 and the conclusions
Recommended: James Fearon and David Laitin, “Ethnicity, Insurgency and Civil War” American Political Science Review (97) 1. 2003
Ramsbotham, ch. 5, “Preventing Violent Conflict”
Case Study: TIMOR LESTE and PHILLIPINES
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Part III: Why do Wars Last?
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Class 9
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Ethnic Wars
Reading Reflection 2 due
Read Fearon (2004) “Why do some Civil Wars last so much longer than others?” Journal of Peace Research pp.s 275-284, 285-291
Wimmer, Cederman and Min (2009), “Ethnic Politics and Armed Conflict,” American Sociological Review pp.s 316-328
Recommended:
William Easterly, “Can Institutions Solve Ethnic Conflicts” (2001) Economic Development and Cultural Change
Case Study: NIGERIA and CYPRUS
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Class 10
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Religious Wars
Read Isak Svensson and Desirée Nilsson (2017) “Disputes over the Divine: Introducing the Religion and Armed Conflict (RELAC) Data, 1975-2015,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62(5)
Peter Henne (2019) “Terrorism and Religion: An Overview,” Oxford Research Encylopedia, Politics
Recommended:
Monica Toft and Yuri Zhukov, “Islamists and Nationalist: Rebel Motivation and Counterinsurgency in Russia’s North Caucasus,” (2015) American Political Science Review:
R. Scott Appleby (2012) "Religious Violence,” Practical Matters 5
Case Study: IRAQ
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Class 11
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Environmental and Criminal Conflicts
Read Theisen, Gleditsch and Buhaug. 2013. “Is Climate Change a Driver of Armed Conflict?” Climatic Change 117(3):613-625
Stathis N. Kalyvas. 2015. “How Civil Wars Help Explain Organized Crime- and How They Do Not,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59(8)
Recommended:
Ore Koren, (2018) “Food Resources and Strategic Conflict,” Journal of Peace Research
Gleditsch “Climate Change, Environmental Stress, and Conflict,” &
“Crime-War Battlefields,” Chapters 9 and 13 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Case Study: MEXICO and COLOMBIA
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Class 12
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On the dilemmas of International Peacekeeping
Read Hultman, Kathman and Shannon, “Beyond Keeping Peace: United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Fighting,” American Political Science Review (2014) pp.s 737-745 & 748-751
Barnett and Fang, “The U.N. Reviewed its Peacekeeping. It Ignored the 3 Things that Most Needed Change,” The Monkey Cage,( 2015)
Recommended: J. Page Fortna, “Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace?” International Intervention and the Duration of Peace after Civil War,” International Studies Quarterly (2004)
Todd Sandler (2017) “International Peacekeeping Operations: Burden Sharing and Effectiveness,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61(9)
Case Study: BOSNIA
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Class 13
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Midterm Exam
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Part IV: How do Wars End? Are There Strategies to Manage Conflict?
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Class 14
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Victory, Force, and Humanitarian Military Interventions
Read O’Hanlon and Singer, “The Humanitarian Transformation: Expanding Global Intervention Capacity,” Brookings Institute (2004)
Luttwak, “Give War a Chance,”(1999) Foreign Affairs
Recommended: Roy Licklider, “The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars,” American Political Science Review (1995)
Alan Kuperman, “Rwanda in Retrospect,” (2000) Foreign Affairs
Joshua Goldstein, “Humanitarian Intervention Comes of Age,” Foreign Affairs
Case Study: KOSOVO and RWANDA
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Class 15
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International Institutions and PeaceEnforcing
Read Bruce Jones. 2016. “The Case for Re-Tooling the UN?s Conflict Management Capacity,” United Nations Challenge Paper
Shawn Robert Woodford (2016) “Manpower and Counterinsurgency,” Small Wars Journal
Recommended: Jones, “The UN Security Council and Crisis Management: Still Central after all these years,” Chapter 18 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Ramsbotham ch. 7 “Ending Violent Conflict”&
Michael Ignatieff, “With Syria Diplomacy Needs Force,” New York Times, Feb. 25th, 2014
James Quinlivan, “Force Requirements in Stability Operations,” Parameters (1995)
Case Study: CONGO
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SPRING BREAK MARCH 9-13
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Class 16
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Deterrence and Sanctions
Read Richard Betts. 2013. “The Lost Logic of Deterrence,” Foreign Policy
Michael O’Hanlon. 2010. “Is a World Without Nuclear Weapons Really Possible?” Brookings Institute.
Case Study: IRAN
Betts, “Deterrence Gone Astray: Choices in Coercion for Conflict Management,” &
O’Hanlon, “Dealing with Proliferation: The Nuclear Abolition Vision versus Practical Tools for Today’s Extremist States,” Chapters 25 & 26 in in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
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Class 17
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Diplomacy & Negotiation
Read Daniel Druckman and James A. Wall (2017) “A Treasure Trove of Insights: Sixty Years of JCR Research on Negotiation and Mediation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61(9)
Recommended
Aall, “Building Interests, Relationships, and Capacity: Three Roads to Conflict Management,” Chapter 24 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift &
Crocker, “The Diplomacy of Engagement in Transitional Polities,” Chapter 23 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Hampson and Zartman, “The Tools of Negotiation,” Chapter 22 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
William Zartman, “The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments,” The Global Review of Ethnopolitics (2001)
Case Study: OSLO ACCORDS (ISRAEL-PALESTINE)
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No Class: Driessen at International Studies Association Conference
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Class 18
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Soft Power and other forms of Mediation
Read Richard Jackson, “Internal War, International Mediation, and Non-Official Diplomacy,” Journal of Conflict Studies (2005) &
Joseph Nye, “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2008
Case Study: MOZAMBIQUE and EL SALVADOR
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Class 19
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Traditions of non-Violence and Just Peace
Read Stephan and Chenoweth, “Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict,” International Security (2008)
Recommended, Pruitt, (2010) “Creating a Musical Dialogue for Peace,” The International Journal of Peace Studies
Ramsbotham ch. 16 “Conflict Resolution in Art and Popular Culture”
Case Study: MYANMAR
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Class 20
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Exhaustion and low-level violence
Read: Fisher, “Political Science says Syrian War will probably last at least another decade,” Monkey Cage
Patrick Cockburn, “Will Exhaustion end the Syrian Civil War,” (2014) Counterpunch
Recommended:
Amnesty International “Lebanon/Israel: Out of all proportion, Civilians bear the brunt of Civil War” ch.s 1 & 4-6
Case Study: DARFUR
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Part V: How do you (re)Create Peace?
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Class 21
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Post-conflict Reconstruction
Reading Reflection 3 due
Read Tschirgi, “Rebuilding War-Torn Societies: A Critical Review of International Approaches,” Chapter 28 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Recommended: Arutosh Varshney, “Ethnic Conflict and Civil Society: India and Beyond,” World Politics (2001)
Case Study: NORTHERN IRELAND
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No Class-Easter Monday
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Class 22
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Democracy and the Rule of Law
Read Doyle, “Postbellum Peacebuilding: Law, Justice and Democratic Peacebuilding,” Chapters 31 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Recommended: Suhrke, “The Long Decade of Statebuilding,” Chapters 32 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Lake, “Practical Sovereignty and Postconflict Governance,”Chapters 5 & 17 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Case Study: CHILE
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Class 23
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War Tribunals
Read Jeremy Sarkin (2001), “The Tension between Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Politics, Human Rights, Due Process and the Role of the Gacaca Courts in Dealing with the Genocide” Journal of African Law
Recommended:
Stromseth, “Peacebuilding and Transitional Justice: The Road Ahead” Chapter 33 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Daniel Druckman and Lynn Wagner (2016) “Justice and Fairness in Negotiation,” Group Decision and Negotiation 26
Geoff Dancy, Hunjoon Kim, and Kric Wiebelhaus-Brahm (2010) “The Turn to Truth: Trends in Truth Commission Experimentation,” Journal of Human Rights 9(1)
Case Study: SIERRA LEONE
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Class 24
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Reconciliation and Truth Commissions
Read
James Gibson, (2006) “The Contributions of Truth to Reconciliation: Lessons from South Africa,” Journal of Conflict Resolution
"Can an Evil Man Change? The Repentence of Eugene de Kock" Antjie Krog, New York Times March 15th, 2015
Recommended: Portraits of Reconciliation New York Times Magazine
Matthew Osborn, Ben D’Exelle, and Arjan Verschoor (2017) “Truly Reconciled? A Dyadic Analysis of Post-Conflict Social Reintegration in Northern Uganda,” Journal of Peace Research 55(1)
Case Study: SOUTH AFRICA
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April 23
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Classes 25-26
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Film and Discussion Night: Makeup for March 15 &
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Class 27
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Other Perspectives from Anthropology and Feminism
Read Sara Davies and Jacqui True. 2019. The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, chapters 1 & 2
Susanne Schaftenaar (2017) “How (Wo)men Rebel: Exploring the Effect of Gender Equality on Nonviolent nad Armed Conflict Onset,” Journal of Peace Research 64(6)
Recommended: Douglas P. Fry “Life with War” Science (2012)
Jonge Oudraat and Kuehnast,“Peace and Security in the Twenty-First Century: Understanding the Gendered Nature of Power,” Chapter 21 in Managing Conflict in a World Adrift
Case Study: AFGHANISTAN and CAMBODIA
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Class 28
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Conclusions: On the future of global peace and what you can do about it
Read M.K. Gandhi (1960), “The Gospel of Non-violence” & “Ahimsa”
Case Study: ARGENTINA
FINAL EXAM
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