Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini dominated architectural design in 17th-century Rome and much has been made of their personal and professional rivalry. This course goes beyond the controversy of their personal conflict and instead focuses on their distinctive approaches to design and the creation of meaning in architecture. Through close examination of key projects like the Church of S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, S. Andrea al Quirinale, Piazza Navona and St. Peter’s Basilica, the course explores how Borromini and Bernini transformed architecture in Rome and created new paths in design that would be followed by generations of architects. Proceeding roughly according to chronology, the course will follow the career of Bernini and Borromini from their early years in Rome, one as a sculptor and the other as assistant stone carver. The close relationship with critical patrons will be explored, as the artists developed different methods to treating the classical vocabulary of architecture. The particular motifs that made their architecture so distinctive will be examined through an analysis of the historical sources they used and recombined in their works. The course will also look critically at the historiography of Bernini and Borromini to see how biographical information about the two—often anecdotal—has affected our interpretation of their works. The bi-weekly class meetings will be divided between a short period of lecture and in-depth discussion of texts and individual works, presented by the students. Conditions permitting, there will be site visits to central works under discussion..